Families For Life | Anxiety in Pre-teens and Teenagers

(181)istock-1191725369_Anxiety in pre-teens and teenagers

What is anxiety?

Anxiety is the feeling of worry, apprehension or dread that something bad is going to happen or that you can’t cope with a situation. It’s also the physical reactions that go with the feeling, like ‘butterflies in the stomach’, tension, shakiness, nausea and sweatiness. It’s behaviour like avoiding what’s causing the anxiety or wanting a lot of reassurance.

Anxiety can happen in response to a specific situation or event, but it continues after the situation has passed. It can happen without a specific situation or event too.

Anxiety is a common and natural part of life. Everyone feels anxious sometimes.

Anxiety can look and feel similar to stress. Stress is a response to external challenges, pressures or events. When you feel stressed, your heart rate might go up, your breathing might get faster and your muscles might tense up. When you understand the difference between anxiety and stress, it can help you work out what your child is feeling and how to help.

Anxiety in pre-teens and teenagers

Anxiety is very common in the pre-teen and teenage years.

This is because adolescence is a time of emotional, physical and social change, which is happening at the same time as teenage brains are changing. Teenagers are seeking new experiences and more independence. It’s natural for teenagers to feel anxious about these changes, opportunities and challenges.

For example, teenagers might worry about starting secondary school, looking a particular way, fitting in with friends, sitting for exams and performing in school. Also, as their independence increases, teenagers might feel anxious about responsibilities, money and employment.

Anxiety in teenagers isn’t always a bad thing. Feeling anxious can help to keep teenagers safe by getting them to think about the situation they’re in. It can also motivate them to do their best. It can help them get ready for challenging situations like public speaking or sporting events.

Helping preteens and teenagers manage anxious feelings

Learning to manage anxiety is an important life skill, which you can help your child learn. Here are some ideas.

Encourage your child to talk about anxieties

Just talking about the things that make them anxious can reduce the amount of anxiety your child feels. Talking and listening also helps you understand what’s going on for your child. When you understand, you’re better able to help your child manage anxieties or find solutions to problems.

Acknowledge your child’s feelings

Your child’s anxiety is real, even if the thing they feel anxious about is unlikely to happen. This means it’s important to acknowledge your child’s anxiety and tell them you’re confident they can handle it. This is better than telling them not to worry. For example, if your child is anxious about whether they’ll pass an exam, let them know you understand how they feel but you’re sure they’ll do their best.

When you acknowledge your child’s feelings with warmth and compassion, it helps your child to use self-compassion in challenging situations too.

Encourage brave behaviour

This involves gently encouraging your child to set small goals for things they feel anxious about. Just avoid pushing your child to face situations they don’t feel ready to face. For example, your child might be anxious about performing in front of others. As a first step, you could suggest your child practises their lines in front of the family.

You can help your child behave bravely by encouraging them to use:

positive self-talk : for example, "I can handle this. I've been in situations like this before."
self-compassion – for example, "It’s okay if I do this differently from other people. This way works for me"
assertiveness – for example, "I need some help with this project"

It’s also good to praise your child for doing something they feel anxious about, no matter how small it is.

Try to be a good role model for your child in the way that you manage your own anxiety. You can remind your child that it’s natural to feel anxious sometimes and tell them about the things that made you feel anxious when you were younger and how you coped.

Helping pre-teens and teenagers feel safe and secure

When pre-teens and teenagers feel safe and secure, they’re better able to cope with the everyday challenges and anxiety of adolescence. You can help your child feel safe and secure by:

spending time with your child – for example, preparing dinner or going to see a movie together
having a family routine that includes time for some family meals, plus other family rituals
making time in your family routine for things that your child finds relaxing, like listening to music, reading books or going for walks
spending time with people your child likes, trusts and feels comfortable around.

Encouraging pre-teens and teenagers to make healthy choices

Healthy lifestyle choices can often help your child handle anxiety. For example, going for a walk instead of sitting at home worrying can help to clear your child’s mind.

Here are some healthy choices that can help your child with everyday anxiety:

Get plenty of physical activity, sleep and healthy food and drink
Avoid caffeine, alcohol and other drugs.
Avoid unnecessary stress by not putting things off or being late
Do breathing exercises, muscle relaxation exercises or mindfulness exercises.

When to be concerned about anxiety

If you’re concerned about your child’s anxiety, it’s a good idea to seek professional help.

You might consider seeing your General Practioner or another health professional if your child:

constantly feels nervous, anxious or on edge, or can’t stop or control worrying
has anxious feelings that go on for weeks, months or even longer
has anxious feelings that interfere with their schoolwork, socialising and everyday activities.

When anxiety is severe and long lasting, it might be an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders usually respond very well to professional treatment. And the earlier anxiety disorders are treated, the less likely they are to affect young people’s mental health and development in the long term.

Professional help for anxiety

You can get professional help for your child’s anxiety from:

school counsellors
psychologists or counsellors
a General Practitioner.

If you’re unsure where to go, your General Practitioner can guide you to the most appropriate services for your family.

Your child might not want to talk with you about how they’re feeling. Your child might even say there’s nothing wrong or mask their feelings by behaving aggressively or withdrawing. If so, you could suggest a confidential telephone counselling service for young people, like:

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